[under construction]
Fourrée [a French word for "filled"
or "stuffed" (in the case of coins, with base metal)]. A struck counterfeit
of a silver coin made by wrapping a base-metal flan in a thin sheet of
silver foil and then striking it with counterfeit dies. Originally, it
would have the deceptive appearance of a full-silver coin. There are other
methods of producing surface-silvering on counterfeit coins, but only this
method yields imitations properly called fourrées (A similar method
was used to make counterfeit gold coins also called fourrées). There
has been a great deal of discussion about whether the Roman government
might have, itself, used this method to create coins and the scholarly
consensus is that "plated coins = false coins." Therefore I feel comfortable
in saying they are counterfeits.
Counterfeit coins of, say, the Severans and Antonines,
in perfect style are likely to be casts and not fourrées. I find
that the style of engraving on fourrées is usually somewhere between
slightly incorrect and very bad. There are many casts of coins of the Severans
and Antonines and they, of course, have perfect style but rarely show much
in the way of remaining silver. The ancient method of giving cast denarii
deceptive silvering (assuming they had it) is not known for certain. [A
page on the known technology of making counterfeits is under construction.]
Limesfalshung (singular), Limesfaschungen
(plural),
Limesfalsa
(plural). Originally a modern term for lightweight
cast copies of AE (not silver or silvered) Roman coins found along the
northern borders ("limes" = pathways) of the empire, especially along the
German and Pannonian frontiers. The term was introduced by Anton Kubitschek
(1858 - 1936). In Britain, they are called "light-weights." They could
hardly have been deceptive and must have served as small change.
In the last decade huge numbers of ancient imitations
of Roman silver denarii have come out of the Balkans and Bulgaria. These
are sometimes fourrées and sometimes casts and not what the term
limesfalsa referred to before very recent times (late 1990's). However,
sellers on ebay have been using this term to describe imitations of denarii,
and that usage of the term has become established in the trade. Actual
"light-weights" (a term not used for fourrées) are uncommon in trade.
Therefore, it seems likely that the term limesfalshung will continue
in it new meaning -- any imitition, including silver-plated and base metal
imitations of denarii, struck or cast along the frontier in regions where
the regular coin supply was insufficient and supplemented by counterfeits.
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