Reference work illustrations

Illustrations of cross-above-head varieties
in the major Byzantine-coin reference works. Return to the main page of cross-above-head coins.

Concordance two ways:
1) Given the Sear number, which references have photos of it with which officina numbers?

2) Given the reference work, which Sear numbers with which officina numbers does it have?

Reference works consulted:
Sear. Byzantine Coins and Their Values, second edition, 1988
MIBE. Money of the Incipient Byzantine Empire, volume 1, second edition, in English, by Wolfgang Hahn. HC 2000. The first edition was in German, Moneta Imperii Byzantini.
DOC. Dumbarton Oaks Catalog, volume 1. Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection, by Bellinger. HC 1966.
Grierson. Byzantine Coins (the hardcover book, not his pamphlet of the same name) HC
BMC Byzantine, Cataogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum, by Warwick Wroth.
Bibliotheque Nationale, Catalogue des Monnaies Byzantine de la Bibliotheque Nationale, volume 1, by Cecile Morrisson.
Hunter. Byzantine and Early Medieval Western European Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, by Bateson and Campbell
Berk. East Roman Successors of the Sestertius. HC. 1986.
Whiting, Byzantine Coins. HC 1973.
Belgrade. Byzantine Coins from the National Museum in Belgrade, by Radic and Ivanisevic. PB 2006.
Berk/England, sale catalog 7 Dec. 1989.
Ratto, Monnaies Byzantines, 9 Dec. 1930 sale.

Concordance
    of Byzantine coin references, between Sear and all the others with photos of cross-above-head illustrations.
Caveat: It can be impossible to tell if a cross-above type is recorded with a particular officina number. When Hahn or Sear lists a type with several officina numbers and says "sometimes with cross above head," we cannot tell which officinae participated unless they are illustrated. Most types are far more common without the cross and illustrated without the cross, or, if with a cross, for only one officina. Whether it exists for the others cannot be determined from the book. See the notes on MIBE below for illustrated officina numbers.

Format:
Sear #                  Reference work, officina number

Anastasius:
Sear 14 (no off.) DOC, MIBE
Sear 17                  Sear E, MIBE Delta, BMC Gamma possibly with a cross, BMC Gamma (possibly a cross)
Sear 19                  MIBE A and Gamma
Sear 20                  MIBE A (cross uncertain)
Sear 23 (no off.)    MIBE
Sear 25            --
Sear 26            --
Sear 29            --
Sear 32 (no off.)    DOC, MIBE,
Sear 34 (Delta only)    DOC, MIBE, Grierson Delta = the DOC coin
Sear 42             DOC Delta,
Sear 47             DOC Gamma and A, and D not illustrated, MIBE B and Delta, BN B, BMC Delta
Sear 48             Sear B, MIBE B, Ratto officina obscure,
Sear 49             DOC B and D, MIBE B and Delta, Grierson A, BN A
Sear 51            -- (cross mentioned by Sear and Hahn)
Sear 52             Sear Delta, DOC Delta, MIBE Delta and Gamma, BN L
Sear 53             DOC ABN, MIBE NDeltaA and ADeltaN, BMC ADeltaN,
Sear 53A          MIBE Gamma NA inside E, Grierson Gamma, BN Gamma,
Justin:
Sear 62             MIBE A,
Sear 63             DOC Gamma not illustrated, MIBE Gamma (weak)
Sear 64             DOC B (might not have a cross) and E "Badly corroded" not illustrated.
Sear 65             DOC E not illustrated "very obscure"
Sear 68            -- (cross mentioned as possible by Sear)
Sear 71 (no off.)       BMC
Sear 73            DOC Delta
Sear 84            DOC A and B, MIBE B
Sear 85            MIBE B,
Sear 86            DOC A, MIBE A
Sear 88A         MIBE A and B and Gamma, Belgrade B
Sear 91            DOC B, MIBE B retrograde K and A
Sear 91 variety with retrograde K           MIBE A
Sear 100          BN A
Sear 101         --
Sear 104        Sear Delta, BN A
Sear 104 variety with retrograde K         BN A
Sear 108          -- (MIBE says "sometimes with cross", but it is not illustrated)
Sear 110          MIBE ADeltaN
Sear 131f         Berk/England B
Justinian:
Sear 158          DOC A not illustrated, BN B
Sear 159          DOC E (officina very weak) and two more not illustrated, MIBE E (weak cross), Belgrade B
Sear 159 variety with cross rho in field      MIBE E
Sear 160          MIBE E
Sear 161         -- MIBE says it may have cross above head, but does not illustrate it
Sear 161 variety with cross-rho in field     MIBE B, MIBE E
Sear 162          DOC E not illustrated
Sear 162 variety with cross-rho in field      MIBE E
Sear 164 variety with cross-rho in field     MIBE E

Concordance 2, from reference work to Sear numbers.

Format of entries of illustrated coins:
Reference work
Sear # officina #. Book reference #. Emperor, Mint, Denomination.

Sear
    Sear 17 E. Anastasius, Constantinople, small module M
    Sear 41 off. uncertain maybe Gamma. Nicomedia, K
    Sear 48 B. Anastasius, Antioch, M
    Sear 52 Delta, Anastasius, Antioch, I
    Sear 104 Delta, Justin, Antioch, K, AN/TX
         Justin and Justinian --
         Justinian --

DOC (Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection)
Anastasius
    Sear 14v, no mm. 16b, Anastasius, Constantinople, M, small module
    Sear 32 no mintmark. 29. Anastasius, Nicomedia, M, small module
    Sear 34, Delta. 34a Anastasius, Nicomedia, M, small module
    Sear 42 Delta, 36.5 has perpendicular at end of diadem, but not a clear cross. Anastasius, Nicomedia, K
    Sear 47 Gamma. 45b. Anastasius. Antioch, M
    Sear 47 A. 45c1. Anastasius. Antioch, M
    Sear 49 B. 47a. Anastasius, Antioch, K (too weak on the left to identify the variety)
    Sear 49 Delta. 47b. Anastasius, Antioch, K, AN/XT (letters out of order)
    Sear 52 Delta. 48. Anastasius, Antioch, I
    Sear 53 ABN upward. 49b, Anastasius, Antioch, E
Justin I
    Sear 64 B. 11 (which may not have a cross -- the picture does not show it) Justin, Constantinople, M
    Sear 84 B. 29a.1, Justin, Nicomedia, M
    Sear 84 A. 29a.1 (labeled just 29 in the plates), Justin, Nicomedia, M
    Sear 86 A. 31, Justin, Nicomedia, M
    Sear 91v B. 35, Justin, Nicomedia, M
Justin I and Justinian I
    --
Justinian I
    Sear 159 E (officina very weak). 29b.1, Justinian, Constantinople, M
       Nicomedia --
       Antioch --

Other DO coins wih crosses but not illustrated:
Anastasius
    Sear 47 Delta. 45c.1, Anastasius, Antioch, M
Justin I
    Sear 63 Gamma. 10, Justin, Constantinope, M
    Sear 64 E. 12, Justin, Constantinope, M ("Badly corroded")
    Sear 65 E ("?, very obscure") 13, Justin, Constantinope, M
    Sear 84 A. 29a.2 is marked as illustrated, but is not. Justin, Nicomedia, M
    Sear 84 B. 29b. 1 and 29b.2, Justin, Nicomedia, M
Justin and Justinian
    --
Justinian
    Sear 158 A. 31a.2, Justinian, Constantinople, M
    Sear 159 E. 29b.2, Justinian, Constantinople, M
    Sear 162 E. 32.1 & 32.3, Justinian, Constantinople, M
       Nicomedia --
       Antioch --

MIBE (Money of the Incipient Byzantine Empire, volume 1, second edition, in English. The first edition was in German, Moneta Imperii Byzantini)
Anastasius
    Sear 14 no mm. 22.2 Anastasius, Constantinople, M, small module
    Sear 17 Delta. 32 (cross very weak, if there) Anastasius, Constantinople, K, small module
    Sear 19 A. 27.2 Anastasius, Constantinople, M
    Sear 19 Gamma. 27.3 Gamma (might have a cross, but not at all certain) Anastasius, Constantinople, M
    Sear 20 A. 28.2 (cross uncertain) Anastasius, Constantinople, M
    Sear 23, no mm. 31.2, Anastasius, Constantinople, K, small module
    Sear 32, no mm. 41, Anastasius, Nicomedia, K
    Sear 34, Delta. 42, Anastasius, Nicomdia, M, small module
    Sear 48 B. 56, Anastasius, Antioch, M
    Sear 47 B. 57.1, Anastasius, Antioch, M
    Sear 47, Delta. 57.2, Anastasius, Antioch, M
    Sear 49 B. 58.1, Anastasius, Antioch, K, AN/XT
    Sear 49 Delta. 58.2, Anastasius, Antioch, K, AT/NX
    Sear 52 A. 59.1, Anastasius, Antioch, I
    Sear 52 Gamma. 59.2, Anastasius, Antioch, I
    Sear 52 Delta (with no pellets). 60, Anastasius, Antioch, I
    Sear 53A NA inside E, Gamma to right. 61, Anastasius, Antioch, E
    Sear 53 NDeltaA to right of E, 62.3, Anastasius, Antioch, E
    Sear 53 ADeltaN to right of E, 63.2, Anastasius, Antioch, E
Justin I
    Sear 62 A. 11.1 Justin, Constantinople, M
    Sear 63 Gamma (weak). 12.2, Justin, Constantinople, M
    Sear 84 B. 35a.3, Justin, Nicomedia, M
    Sear 91 A. 42a.2, Justin, Nicomedia, K
    Sear 85 B. 35a.4, has a star (not cross) above the head, Justin, Nicomedia, M
    Sear 91 B retrograde. 42a.3, Justin, Nicomedia, K
    Sear 86 A. 39.2, Justin, Nicomedia, M
    Sear 88A A. 58.1, Justin, Antioch, M
    Sear 88A B. 58.2, Justin, Antioch, M
    Sear 88A Gamma. 58.3, Justin, Antioch, M
    Sear 91 variety (backwards K) A. 61.1, Justin, Antioch, K
    Sear 91 A. 61.2, Justin, Antioch, K
    Sear 108 not illustrated, but mentioned as "sometimes with cross"
    Sear 110 ADeltaN(?) to right of E. 66, Justin, Antioch, E
Justin and Justinian
    --
Justinian
    Sear 159 E (weak cross, if at all). 87.1, Justinian, Constantinople, M
    Sear 159 E variety (cross rho in field right) 87.3, Justinian, Constantinople, M
    Sear 160 E. 83.3, 83.4, and 83.5. Justinian, Constantinople, M
    Sear 161 variety B (cross rho in field right) . 85.3, Justinian, Constantinople, M
    Sear 161 variety E (dot below rather than globe, compare 85.3, cross rho in field right) V87, Justinian, Constantinople, M
    Sear 162 variety E (with cross-rho in field), 88.4, Justinian, Constantinople, M
    Sear 164 variety E variety (cross rho in field right). 91.2, Justinian, Constantinople, K

Comment on other MIBE coins not illustrated:
     MIBE lists coins by numbered type and attested officina numbers and locations of examples are given for each type number. It is not always easy to tell if the officina numbers that are not illustrated have a cross or not. For example, Anastasius 27 (Sear 19) says "(sometimes with cross)" and has five possible officina and four illustrations, one with and three without a cross.

Grierson
       Sear 34 Delta. 64. (This is the DO coin.) Anastasius, Nicomedia, M, small module
       Sear 49 A. 75. Anastasius, Antioch, K
       Sear 53A Gamma. 78. Gamma. Anastasius, Antioch, E

Berk, Successors
     no photos with cross-above-head
       Sear 48 Gamma. 34. Anastasius, Antioch, M, line drawing
       Sear 63 A. 43. Justin, Constantinople, M, line drawing
       Sear 100 A. 92. Justin, Antioch, M, line drawing

Bibliotheque Nationale (Their numbering is awkward. Each emperor and each mint and each metal resumes at 01, so to cite a coin you have to give all three, the emperor, metal, and coin number, which for copper they write something like "AE/01".)
       Sear 47 B. Anastasius, Antioch AE/01, M
       Sear 49 A. Anastasius, Antioch AE/02, K, AT/NX,
       Sear 52 L (upside down Gamma?). Anastasius, Antioch AE/03. I
       Sear 53 Gamma. Anastasius, Antioch AE/04, E
       Sear 100 A. Justin, Antioch AE/01, M
       Sear 104 A. Justin, Antioch AE/07, K, AN/TX,
       Sear 104 A variety with backwards K. Justin, Antioch AE/08,
       Sear 158 B. Justinian, Constantinople AE/06, M


Grierson
    Sear 34 Delta. 64. Anastasius, Nicomedia, K small module [This coin is DOC 34a]
    Sear 49 A. 75, Anastasius, Antoch K, AT/NX (N retrograde) [Not illustrated in DOC]
    Sear 53A Gamma. 78. Anastasius, Antioch, E. [Not illustrated in DOC]
       Justin --, Justinian --

Hunter
    none illustrated, however Sear 47 Gamma is 11 of Justin, not illustrated.

Belgrade National Museum
    Sear 88A B. 197. Justin, Nicomedia, M
Sear 159 B. 311. Justinian, Nicomedia, M

Whitting
    none illustrated

BMC Byzantine. Cataogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum, by Warwick Wroth.
    Sear 17 Gamma (possibly a cross, not noted in the text). BMC 39, Plate I.12. Anastasius, Constantinople, M, small module
    Sear 47 Delta. BMC 68, Plate II.7. Anastasius, Antioch, M
    Sear 53 ADeltaN. BMC 71, Plate II.8, Anastasius, Antioch, E
    Sear 71 no mm. BMC 37, Plate III.8, Justin, Constantinople, I

Listed in BMC but not illustrated:
   Sear 47 B, BMC 67, Anastasius, Antioch, M
   Sear 53 is the Sear number of BM coins with numbers near 71 which are mentioned as a group possibly having a cross, but they are not illustrated and not clearly individually identified as having a cross, so I doubt they have a cross.
   Sear 104 B. BMC 69, Justin, Antioch, K, NA/TX [BMC says]

Berk/England 1989 auction sale catalog
       Sear 131f B (Not in Sear, would be near 131). 12. Justin and Justinian, Antoch, K

Ratto
       Sear 48 officina obscure. 378. Anastasius, Antioch, M

Return to the main page of cross-above-head coins.

Go to the page with coins of Anastasius.

Go to the page with coins of Justin.

Go to the page with coins of Justinian.